RPM (Red Hat Package
Manager) is an default open source and most popular package
management utility for Red Hat based systems like (RHEL, CentOS and
Fedora). The tool allows system administrators and users to install,
update, uninstall, query, verify and manage system software packages
in Unix/Linux operating systems. The RPM formerly known as .rpm file,
that includes compiled software programs and libraries needed by the
packages. This utility only works with packages that built on .rpm
format.
RPM Command Examples
20 Most Useful RPM
Command Examples
This article
provides some useful 20 RPM command examples that might be helpful to
you. With the help of these rpm command you can managed to install,
update, remove packages in your Linux systems.
Some Facts about RPM
(RedHat Package Manager)
RPM is free and
released under GPL (General Public License).
RPM keeps the
information of all the installed packages under /var/lib/rpm
database.
RPM is the only way
to install packages under Linux systems, if you’ve installed
packages using source code, then rpm won’t manage it.
RPM deals with .rpm
files, which contains the actual information about the packages such
as: what it is, from where it comes, dependencies info, version info
etc.
There are five basic
modes for RPM command
Install : It is used
to install any RPM package.
Remove : It is used
to erase, remove or un-install any RPM package.
Upgrade : It is used
to update the existing RPM package.
Verify : It is used
to query about different RPM packages.
Query : It is used
for the verification of any RPM package.
Where to find RPM
packages
Below is the list of
rpm sites, where you can find and download all RPM packages.
http://rpmfind.net
http://www.redhat.com
http://freshrpms.net/
http://rpm.pbone.net/
Read Also :
20 YUM Command
Examples in Linux
10 Wget Command
Examples in Linux
30 Most Useful Linux
Commands for System Administrators
Please remember you
must be root user when installing packages in Linux, with the root
privileges you can manage rpm commands with their appropriate
options.
1. How to Check an
RPM Signature Package
Always check the PGP
signature of packages before installing them on your Linux systems
and make sure its integrity and origin is OK. Use the following
command with –checksig (check signature) option to check the
signature of a package called pidgin.
[root@tecmint]# rpm
--checksig pidgin-2.7.9-5.el6.2.i686.rpm
pidgin-2.7.9-5.el6.2.i686.rpm:
rsa sha1 (md5) pgp md5 OK
2. How to Install an
RPM Package
For installing an
rpm software package, use the following command with -i option. For
example, to install an rpm package called
pidgin-2.7.9-5.el6.2.i686.rpm.
[root@tecmint]# rpm
-ivh pidgin-2.7.9-5.el6.2.i686.rpm
Preparing...
########################################### [100%]
1:pidgin
########################################### [100%]
RPM command and
options
-i : install a
package
-v : verbose for a
nicer display
-h: print hash marks
as the package archive is unpacked.
3. How to check
dependencies of RPM Package before Installing
Let’s say you
would like to do a dependency check before installing or upgrading a
package. For example, use the following command to check the
dependencies of BitTorrent-5.2.2-1-Python2.4.noarch.rpm package. It
will display the list of dependencies of package.
[root@tecmint]# rpm
-qpR BitTorrent-5.2.2-1-Python2.4.noarch.rpm
/usr/bin/python2.4
python >= 2.3
python(abi) = 2.4
python-crypto >=
2.0
python-psyco
python-twisted >=
2.0
python-zopeinterface
rpmlib(CompressedFileNames)
= 2.6
RPM command and
options
-q : Query a package
-p : List
capabilities this package provides.
-R: List
capabilities on which this package depends..
4. How to Install a
RPM Package Without Dependencies
If you know that all
needed packages are already installed and RPM is just being stupid,
you can ignore those dependencies by using the option –nodeps (no
dependencies check) before installing the package.
[root@tecmint]# rpm
-ivh --nodeps BitTorrent-5.2.2-1-Python2.4.noarch.rpm
Preparing...
########################################### [100%]
1:BitTorrent
########################################### [100%]
The above command
forcefully install rpm package by ignoring dependencies errors, but
if those dependency files are missing, then the program will not work
at all, until you install them.
5. How to check an
Installed RPM Package
Using -q option with
package name, will show whether an rpm installed or not.
[root@tecmint]# rpm
-q BitTorrent
BitTorrent-5.2.2-1.noarch
6. How to List all
files of an installed RPM package
To view all the
files of an installed rpm packages, use the -ql (query list) with rpm
command.
[root@tecmint]# rpm
-ql BitTorrent
/usr/bin/bittorrent
/usr/bin/bittorrent-console
/usr/bin/bittorrent-curses
/usr/bin/bittorrent-tracker
/usr/bin/changetracker-console
/usr/bin/launchmany-console
/usr/bin/launchmany-curses
/usr/bin/maketorrent
/usr/bin/maketorrent-console
/usr/bin/torrentinfo-console
7. How to List
Recently Installed RPM Packages
Use the following
rpm command with -qa (query all) option, will list all the recently
installed rpm packages.
[root@tecmint]# rpm
-qa --last
BitTorrent-5.2.2-1.noarch
Tue 04 Dec 2012 05:14:06 PM BDT
pidgin-2.7.9-5.el6.2.i686
Tue 04 Dec 2012 05:13:51 PM BDT
cyrus-sasl-devel-2.1.23-13.el6_3.1.i686
Tue 04 Dec 2012 04:43:06 PM BDT
cyrus-sasl-2.1.23-13.el6_3.1.i686
Tue 04 Dec 2012 04:43:05 PM BDT
cyrus-sasl-md5-2.1.23-13.el6_3.1.i686
Tue 04 Dec 2012 04:43:04 PM BDT
cyrus-sasl-plain-2.1.23-13.el6_3.1.i686
Tue 04 Dec 2012 04:43:03 PM BDT
8. How to List All
Installed RPM Packages
Type the following
command to print the all the names of installed packages on your
Linux system.
[root@tecmint]# rpm
-qa
initscripts-9.03.31-2.el6.centos.i686
polkit-desktop-policy-0.96-2.el6_0.1.noarch
thunderbird-17.0-1.el6.remi.i686
9. How to Upgrade a
RPM Package
If we want to
upgrade any RPM package “–U” (upgrade) option will be used. One
of the major advantages of using this option is that it will not only
upgrade the latest version of any package, but it will also maintain
the backup of the older package so that in case if the newer upgraded
package does not run the previously installed package can be used
again.
[root@tecmint]# rpm
-Uvh nx-3.5.0-2.el6.centos.i686.rpm
Preparing...
########################################### [100%]
1:nx
########################################### [100%]
10. How to Remove a
RPM Package
To un-install an RPM
package, for example we use the package name nx, not the original
package name nx-3.5.0-2.el6.centos.i686.rpm. The -e (erase) option is
used to remove package.
[root@tecmint]# rpm
-evv nx
11. How to Remove an
RPM Package Without Dependencies
The –nodeps (Do
not check dependencies) option forcefully remove the rpm package from
the system. But keep in mind removing particular package may break
other working applications.
[root@tecmint]# rpm
-ev --nodeps vsftpd
12. How to Query a
file that belongs which RPM Package
Let’s say, you
have list of files and you would like to find out which package
belongs to these files. For example, the following command with -qf
(query file) option will show you a file /usr/bin/htpasswd is own by
package httpd-tools-2.2.15-15.el6.centos.1.i686.
[root@tecmint]# rpm
-qf /usr/bin/htpasswd
httpd-tools-2.2.15-15.el6.centos.1.i686
13. How to Query a
Information of Installed RPM Package
Let’s say you have
installed an rpm package and want to know the information about the
package. The following -qi (query info) option will print the
available information of the installed package.
[root@tecmint]# rpm
-qi vsftpd
Name :
vsftpd Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version :
2.2.2 Vendor: CentOS
Release :
11.el6 Build Date: Fri 22 Jun 2012 01:54:24 PM BDT
Install Date: Mon 17
Sep 2012 07:55:28 PM BDT Build Host: c6b8.bsys.dev.centos.org
Group : System
Environment/Daemons Source RPM: vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6.src.rpm
Size : 351932
License: GPLv2 with exceptions
Signature :
RSA/SHA1, Mon 25 Jun 2012 04:07:34 AM BDT, Key ID 0946fca2c105b9de
Packager : CentOS
BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org>
URL :
http://vsftpd.beasts.org/
Summary : Very
Secure Ftp Daemon
Description :
vsftpd is a Very
Secure FTP daemon. It was written completely from
scratch.
14. Get the
Information of RPM Package Before Installing
You have download a
package from the internet and want to know the information of a
package before installing. For example, the following option -qip
(query info package) will print the information of a package
sqlbuddy.
[root@tecmint]# rpm
-qip sqlbuddy-1.3.3-1.noarch.rpm
Name :
sqlbuddy Relocations: (not relocatable)
Version : 1.3.3
Vendor: (none)
Release : 1
Build Date: Wed 02 Nov 2011 11:01:21 PM BDT
Install Date: (not
installed) Build Host: rpm.bar.baz
Group :
Applications/Internet Source RPM: sqlbuddy-1.3.3-1.src.rpm
Size :
1155804 License: MIT
Signature : (none)
Packager : Erik M
Jacobs
URL :
http://www.sqlbuddy.com/
Summary : SQL
Buddy â Web based MySQL administration
Description :
SQLBuddy is a PHP
script that allows for web-based MySQL administration.
15. How to Query
documentation of Installed RPM Package
To get the list of
available documentation of an installed package, use the following
command with option -qdf (query document file) will display the
manual pages related to vmstat package.
[root@tecmint]# rpm
-qdf /usr/bin/vmstat
/usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/BUGS
/usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/COPYING
/usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/COPYING.LIB
/usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/FAQ
/usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/NEWS
/usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/TODO
16. How to Verify a
RPM Package
Verifying a package
compares information of installed files of the package against the
rpm database. The -Vp (verify package) is used to verify a package.
[root@tecmint
downloads]# rpm -Vp sqlbuddy-1.3.3-1.noarch.rpm
S.5....T. c
/etc/httpd/conf.d/sqlbuddy.conf
17. How to Verify
all RPM Packages
Type the following
command to verify all the installed rpm packages.
[root@tecmint]# rpm
-Va
S.5....T. c
/etc/rc.d/rc.local
.......T. c
/etc/dnsmasq.conf
.......T.
/etc/ld.so.conf.d/kernel-2.6.32-279.5.2.el6.i686.conf
S.5....T. c
/etc/yum.conf
S.5....T. c
/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
18. How to Import an
RPM GPG key
To verify
RHEL/CentOS/Fedora packages, you must import the GPG key. To do so,
execute the following command. It will import CentOS 6 GPG key.
[root@tecmint]# rpm
--import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
19. How to List all
Imported RPM GPG keys
To print all the
imported GPG keys in your system, use the following command.
[root@tecmint]# rpm
-qa gpg-pubkey*
gpg-pubkey-0608b895-4bd22942
gpg-pubkey-7fac5991-4615767f
gpg-pubkey-0f2672c8-4cd950ee
gpg-pubkey-c105b9de-4e0fd3a3
gpg-pubkey-00f97f56-467e318a
gpg-pubkey-6b8d79e6-3f49313d
gpg-pubkey-849c449f-4cb9df30
20. How To rebuild
Corrupted RPM Database
Sometimes rpm
database gets corrupted and stops all the functionality of rpm and
other applications on the system. So, at the time we need to rebuild
the rpm database and restore it with the help of following command.
[root@tecmint]# cd
/var/lib
[root@tecmint]# rm
__db*
[root@tecmint]# rpm
--rebuilddb
[root@tecmint]#
rpmdb_verify Packages
0 Comments:
Post a Comment